Thanks to those who alerted me privately that I was unintentionally stepping into a political minefield, I had no idea! And thanks to
@Sirage for artfully dodging that issue.
My question had nothing to do with subsidies, because I well understood that to be contentious and political. My question was simply asking about the genesis of the split between rails (Adif) and cars (Renfe, Ouigo, and Iryo). My experience with the European train system had always been Renfe/Spain, TrenItalia/Italy, SNCF/France, etc. That is obviously no longer the case and I wondered why. I guess I wasn’t paying attention, because based on what I’ve been told, this was an EU-wide action taken years ago, mandating separation of the two functions (rails and train cars), with competition required in the latter but not in the former.
And if you wonder how this is connected to the Camino, keep in mind that some uninformed pilgrims otherwise would have never known that they now have to go to three different websites to find out about train availabaility between Point A and Point B.
Thanks for keeping this thread out of that political minefield.