PILGRIMSPLAZA
Active Member
Pilgrimage is of all people, faiths, sferes and ages - for hunters, gatherers and smorgasbordians:
Collected sources for (flip) books & reviews on King’s 1920 classic, architecture, art, plays, etc.:
Dear pilgrim,
Here's a comprehensive list of (full-text-on-line) books & reviews on 'King' and others mentioned in other chapters. Please tell us what you found in addition!
Geert
http://king-early-days.blogspot.com
See for quick browsing through all flat texts of The Way of Saint James:
http://elcaminosantiago.com/PDF/Way_of_ ... mes_01.txt - Volume I
http://elcaminosantiago.com/PDF/Way_of_ ... mes_02.txt - Volume II
http://elcaminosantiago.com/PDF/Way_of_ ... mes_03.txt - Volume III and further:
Open Library http://www.openlibrary.org/toc.html :
http://demo.openlibrary.org:8080/search ... &x=28&y=16 - search in the Open Library on Georgiana Goddard King: 16 titels of which 5 full-text-flip-books
http://demo.openlibrary.org/a/King_Georgiana_Goddard - collection Georgiana Goddard King:
A brief account of the military orders in Spain (The Hispanic Society of America, 1921)
A brief account of the military orders in Spain (AMS Press, 1978, c1921)
A citizen of the twilight (Bryn Mawr college;, Longmans, Green and co., 1921)
Comedies and legends for marionettes; a theatre for boys and girls (The Macmillan Company & Co., ltd., 1904)
Mudéjar (Bryn Mawr College;, Longmans, Green and Co., 1927)
Pre-Romanesque churches of Spain (Bryn Mawr College;, Longmans, Green and Co., 1924)
The play of the sibyl Cassandra (Bryn Mawr college;, Lolngmans, Green and co., 1921)
The way of perfect love (New York : The Macmillan company, 1908)
The way of Saint James (G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1920)
The way of Saint James (AMS Press, 1980)
http://www.openlibrary.org/details/wayo ... 01kinguoft - The Way of Saint James by Georgiana Goddard King, M.A., in three volumes, Volume 1, flip book
http://www.openlibrary.org/details/wayo ... 02kinguoft - Volume 2, flip book
http://www.openlibrary.org/details/wayo ... 03kinguoft - Volume 3, flip book
http://openlibrary.org/details/wayofper ... 00kingiala - The Way of Perfect Love by Georgiana Goddard King, M.A., New York, 1908, flip book
http://openlibrary.org/details/unpublis ... 00streuoft - GEORGE EDMUND STREET, UNPUBLISCHED NOTES AND REPRINTED PAPERS WITH AN ESSAY BY GEORGIANA GODDARD KING, THE HISPANIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA, 1916, flip book
http://demo.openlibrary.org/b/way_of_sa ... 2/review/1 - The Way of Saint James, review by Marcel van Huystee, Nijmegen/Holland, January 22nd 2008
http://demo.openlibrary.org/b/way_of_Sa ... 2/review/2 - The Way of Saint James by Georgiana Goddard King: Book 3: 'The Bourne' & Book 4: 'Homeward', review by PILGRIMSPLAZA, The Hague/Holland, January 16th 2008
Internet Archive (Waybackmachine) http://www.archive.org/index.php - :
http://www.archive.org/details/wayofper ... 00kingiala - The way of perfect love, King, Georgiana Goddard, New York : The Macmillan company, 1908, flip book
http://www.archive.org/details/someacco ... 00streuoft - SOME ACCOUNT OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN SPAIN BY GEORGE EDMUND STREET, F.S.A., EDITED BY GEORGIANA GODDARD KING, VOL. I, LONDON/TORONTO/NEW YORK, 1914, flip book
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Kingsley_Porter - Arthur Kingsley Porter (1883 – 1933) was an American art historian and medievalist. Porter's most significant contribution has been his revolutionary studies and insights into the spread of Romanesque sculpture. His study of Lombard architecture is also the first in its class. Works: Lombard Architecture (4 vol., 1919), Romanesque Sculpture of the Pilgrimage Roads (10 vol., 1923), Spanish Romanesque Sculpture (2 vol., 1928)
http://www.dictionaryofarthistorians.org/portera.htm - Kingsley Porter - The same year as his Sorbonne lectures, his most famous and controversial work, Romanesque Sculpture of the Pilgrimage Roads was published. ...
The ten-volume work (nine volumes are of plates) argued, 1) a new chronology of Romanesque sculpture in Burgundy and revolutionary, and 2) that medieval sculptural influences, like medieval poetry, knew no nationality borders but were fluid like the pilgrims who travel to Santiago de Compostela. The latter theory directly challenged the views of Émile Mâle and the primacy of the Languedoc region as the center of twelfth century style. The appearance of Pilgrimage Roads and Porter’s conclusion based upon his multidisciplinary method attracted much criticism.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0016-9 ... nlargePage - Romanesque Churches of the Pilgrimage Roads, Eleanor Vernon, Gesta, Vol. 1, Pre-Serial Issue. Annual of the International Center of Romanesque Art Inc. (1963), pp. 12-15, some notes: Kingsley Porter compares these pilgrimage roads to a great river emptying into the sea at Santiago, formed by many tributaries having their sorces all over Europe. (…) The pilgrims were also seen as potential crusaders, capable of playing a role in driving the Moors from Spain. The aura of danger involved in reaching a blessed shrine gave even moor glory to the route. The harder the pilgrims had to struggle, the greater were the spiritual advantages they accrued. The associations of “chanson de geste” with the pilgrimages were also emphasized, and in turn the church cleverly extended the cloack of sanctity to secular heroes. (…) In modern terms, the trip probably cost about two hundred dollars, and took at least several months to complete.
Peter Robins just found Volume I of X: http://www.archive.org/details/romanesq ... 01portuoft - Romanesque sculpture of the pilgrimage roads, Porter, Arthur Kingsley, 1883-1933, Boston, M. Jones, 1923, Volume I, no illustrations, no title page, missing pages xv-xvi, some notes: p88 Vézelay, p171 Santiago, p186 Along the road of St. James followed by the Lombard pilgrims, the forms of Lombard art begin to appear, and spread thence to the neighbouring districts., p194 The type of architecture originated at Santiago became the standard for a great number of churches along the pilgrimage road, and in whole districts of France., (…) Compostela was the model from which, directly of indirectly, was derived a majority of the great Romanesque churches of the XII century in France., p211 La Puerta de las Platerias (Which is the original?), p213 The truth is, I think, that the Puerta de las Platerias has been twice rebuilt., p261 El Portico de la Gloria, p262 Mateo knew Oviedo, certainly. He knew much else besides. P265 The head of the Queen of Sheba of the north portal of Chartres [see picture below by Gareth Thomas] reproduces exactly the head of the queen on the outer respond of the Pórtico de la Gloria (III, 839). flip book
More:
Lombard Architecture. 4 vols. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1915-17;
"The Rise of Romanesque Sculpture." American Journal of Archaeology 22(1918): 399-427;
"Les débuts de la sculpture romane." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 15 (1919): 47-60;
Romanesque Sculpture of Pilgrimage Roads. 10 vols. Boston, 1923;
"Spain or Toulouse? and Other Questions." Art Bulletin 7 (1924): 4.
Spanish Romanesque Sculpture. Firenze Pantheon casa editrice, 1928;
The Crosses and Culture of Ireland. London: Oxford University Press, 1931;
http://www.archive.org/details/romanesq ... 08portuoft - ROMANESQE SCULPTURE OF THE PILGRIMAGE ROAD BY A. KINGSLEY PORTER IN TEN VOLUMES, VOLUME VIII, ILLUSTRATIONS, AUVERGNE AND DAUPHINE, BOSTON, 1923, flip book
http://www.archive.org/details/sculptur ... 00portrich - The sculpture of the West; a lecture delivered at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, December 3, 1921 ([c1921]) Author: Porter, Arthur Kingsley, 1883-1933, Boston, Privately issued for the author by Marshall Jones Co, 31 pp in total:
IN THE guide written in the XII century for the pilgrims to Compostela we read: "There are four roads which lead to St. James. These unite at Puente la Reina in the land of Spain. The first leads through St. Gilles and Montpellier and Toulouse and the Port d'Aspe ; the second through Notre Dame of Le Puy and Ste. Foy of Conques and St. Pierre of Moissac; the third through Ste. Marie Madeleine of Vezelay and St. Leonard near Limoges and the city of Perigueux; the fourth through St. Martin of Tours and St. Hilaire of Poitiers and St. Jean d'Angely and St. Eutrope of Saintes and the city of Bordeaux. The roads which pass through Ste. Foy and St. Leonard and St. Martin unite at Ostabat, and passing the Port de Cize join at Puente la Reina, the road which passes by the Port d'Aspe. Thence one road leads to St. James." - If time permitted it would amply repay our pains to explore all four of the routes leading to Santiago, for ...
we should find that they, together with the other pilgrimage routes leading to Rome and to Jerusalem, pass by nearly all the creative centres of sculpture of the first half of the XII century. -
After such a journey, ...
we should come to suspect that the pilgrimage played no less a part in the formation of plastic art than M. Bedier has shown that it played in the chansons de geste.
We should find that the road formed a river of sculpture, flowing through a region other- wise nearly desert in southern France and Spain.
We should find that artistic ideas traveled back and forth along the road with the greatest facility, so that monuments separated by hundreds of miles of distance show the closest stylistic relationship.
We should find that the old theory of a school of sculpture at Toulouse, and another in Spain [5-6 THE SCULPTURE OF THE WEST] must be discarded, and that there was instead one school which was neither Toulousan nor Spanish, but international of the pilgrimage, and that this school centred at Santiago rather than at Toulouse.
We should find at Santiago the focal point, both of the architecture and of the sculpture of the XII century; we should find the type of church originally created in France but consecrated at Santiago, copied in minor sanctuaries all along the road, echoed at Acerenza in the Basilicata, at Venosa in Apulia, and inspiring whole schools of architecture in Burgundy, Auvergne and Poitou.
We should find that the same sculptors who worked upon the Puerta de las Platerias at Santiago were some years later called to Conques where they executed the glorious portal of Ste. Foy.
We should remark that the jamb sculptures of Santiago, executed between 1102 and 1124 present analogies with those made by Guglielmo at Cremona between 1107 and 1117, and that both are not without points of contact with the sculptures of Armenia which have recently been made known by Strzygowski.
We should remark that the Christ of the Puerta de las Platerias, which dates from before 1124 already possesses the essential characteristics of the Gothic sculpture of northern France of a century later, and that this figure, the St. James of the Portico de la Gloria and the Beau Dieu of Amiens form a direct line of evolution.
We should find reason to believe that the Portico de la Gloria occupied as important a position in the development of art in the XIII century, as the Puerta de las Platerias did in that of the XII; that the sculptures of Reims owe much to this source, and that the Reims smile is inspired by the Daniel of Santiago.
We should find at Santo Domingo de Silos irrefutably dated sculptures of the last quarter of the XI century, connecting on the one hand with English manuscripts of Bury St. Edmunds, and on the other with Souillac, Moissac, St. Guilhem le Desert and St. Trophime of Aries.
We should find how vitally and undeniably right Professor Morey was in pointing out the influence of manuscripts and [THE SCULPTURE OF THE WEST 7] especially English manuscripts of the school of Winchester upon sculpture of the early XII century, and we should find the school of Burgundy seeking its inspiration almost exclusively in this source.
All this and much more of the most intense interest lies upon the road of St. James. The short hour at our disposal this afternoon is, however, obviously insufficient for the discussion of these major problems, and we must by necessity confine ourselves to a small portion of the question of St. James. Let us pick out for study the fourth of the roads leading to Compostela, that which passes through St. Martin of Tours and St. Hilaire of Poitiers and St. Jean d'Angely and St. Eutrope of Saintes and the city of Bordeaux. This route is of especial interest as it was the chief one leading from Paris and northern France. It also possesses the advantage of taking us past a series of monuments which perhaps even yet have not been appreciated at their full worth.
In the West of France, sculpture developed later than in Burgundy, Lombardy or Spain. The school of the XI century which has left us such astonishing creations at Hildesheim, at Arles-sur-Tech, at Regensburg, at Santo Domingo de Silos, at Oviedo, at Sahagun, at Charlieu and at Cluny did not flourish on the wind-swept Atlantic sea-board. When, however, we reflect how close this region lies to the He de France, where sculpture worthy of the name did not appear at all until the fourth decade of the XII century, the wonder perhaps is not that the XI century carving of the west was crude, but that figure sculpture existed at all.
[8] The ateliers of Toulouse and Santiago were closely interrelated, and we find the same sculptors travelling back and forth from one to the other. Now while no work anterior to the XII century has come down to us at Santiago, it is certain that an atelier of sculpture must have existed there much before, and probably from the beginning of the reconstruction of the cathedral in 1078. It is not unreasonable to suppose that the work at Airvault may have been influenced by the XI century atelier of Santiago.
[21] After the formation of the Gothic style at St. Denis in 1140, the course of true art runs smooth. The documents, therefore, help us out precisely at the point where we have most need of them. Several undated monuments are still of importance for comprehending the evolution of this significant school. Among these, one of the best known is certainly Notre Dame la Grande of Poitiers. Because of its analogy with Angouleme, which as we have seen has been much post-dated, archaeologists have generally considered this facade as of c. 1 1 80. That would make it about contemporary with Senlis and the Portico de la Gloria at Santiago. It is only necessary to compare Notre Dame la Grande with these two monuments to be convinced of the extravagance of the theory.
http://www.archive.org/details/lombardi ... 01rivouoft - Lombardic architecture; its origin, development and derivatives (1910), Author: Rivoira, G. T. (Giovanni Teresio), 1849-1919. Volume 1, flip book
http://www.archive.org/details/lombardi ... 02rivouoft - Lombardic architecture; its origin, development and derivatives (1910), Author: Rivoira, G. T. (Giovanni Teresio), 1849-1919. Volume 2; flip book
http://www.archive.org/details/historyo ... 00fletuoft - A history of architecture on the comparative method (1905), Author: Fletcher, Banister, 1833-1899 > p424: "Santiago was a pilgrimage centre of more than national importance." flip book (2000 pictures!) [*]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banister_Fletcher - Sir Banister Flight Fletcher (1866-1953) was an English architect and architectural historian, as was his father, also named Banister Fletcher. With his father, he co-authored the first edition of A History of Architecture [A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method. London: Athlone Press, University of London, 1896- [issued serially], first single-volume edition, London: B.T. Batsford and New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1897], now in its twentieth edition (ISBN 0-7506-2267-9) [* see Attachement]
Other authors and sources:
http://libro.uca.edu/sjc/sjc.htm - R. A. Fletcher, Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela; full-text-on-line
... and many more of the most interesting full-text-on-line books to read on http://libro.uca.edu/sjc/sjc.htm!
http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId ... view=print - Blum, Pamela Z. Early Gothic Saint-Denis: Restorations and Survivals. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft5h4nb330 - full-text-on-line
http://pilgrimsplaza-king3.blogspot.com - Marcel van Huystee's review (in English) of 'The Way of Saint James' by Georgiana King, Pilgrimsplaza, 26-11-07
&&&
Collected sources for (flip) books & reviews on King’s 1920 classic, architecture, art, plays, etc.:
Dear pilgrim,
Here's a comprehensive list of (full-text-on-line) books & reviews on 'King' and others mentioned in other chapters. Please tell us what you found in addition!
Geert
http://king-early-days.blogspot.com
See for quick browsing through all flat texts of The Way of Saint James:
http://elcaminosantiago.com/PDF/Way_of_ ... mes_01.txt - Volume I
http://elcaminosantiago.com/PDF/Way_of_ ... mes_02.txt - Volume II
http://elcaminosantiago.com/PDF/Way_of_ ... mes_03.txt - Volume III and further:
Open Library http://www.openlibrary.org/toc.html :
http://demo.openlibrary.org:8080/search ... &x=28&y=16 - search in the Open Library on Georgiana Goddard King: 16 titels of which 5 full-text-flip-books
http://demo.openlibrary.org/a/King_Georgiana_Goddard - collection Georgiana Goddard King:
A brief account of the military orders in Spain (The Hispanic Society of America, 1921)
A brief account of the military orders in Spain (AMS Press, 1978, c1921)
A citizen of the twilight (Bryn Mawr college;, Longmans, Green and co., 1921)
Comedies and legends for marionettes; a theatre for boys and girls (The Macmillan Company & Co., ltd., 1904)
Mudéjar (Bryn Mawr College;, Longmans, Green and Co., 1927)
Pre-Romanesque churches of Spain (Bryn Mawr College;, Longmans, Green and Co., 1924)
The play of the sibyl Cassandra (Bryn Mawr college;, Lolngmans, Green and co., 1921)
The way of perfect love (New York : The Macmillan company, 1908)
The way of Saint James (G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1920)
The way of Saint James (AMS Press, 1980)
http://www.openlibrary.org/details/wayo ... 01kinguoft - The Way of Saint James by Georgiana Goddard King, M.A., in three volumes, Volume 1, flip book
http://www.openlibrary.org/details/wayo ... 02kinguoft - Volume 2, flip book
http://www.openlibrary.org/details/wayo ... 03kinguoft - Volume 3, flip book
http://openlibrary.org/details/wayofper ... 00kingiala - The Way of Perfect Love by Georgiana Goddard King, M.A., New York, 1908, flip book
http://openlibrary.org/details/unpublis ... 00streuoft - GEORGE EDMUND STREET, UNPUBLISCHED NOTES AND REPRINTED PAPERS WITH AN ESSAY BY GEORGIANA GODDARD KING, THE HISPANIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA, 1916, flip book
http://demo.openlibrary.org/b/way_of_sa ... 2/review/1 - The Way of Saint James, review by Marcel van Huystee, Nijmegen/Holland, January 22nd 2008
http://demo.openlibrary.org/b/way_of_Sa ... 2/review/2 - The Way of Saint James by Georgiana Goddard King: Book 3: 'The Bourne' & Book 4: 'Homeward', review by PILGRIMSPLAZA, The Hague/Holland, January 16th 2008
Internet Archive (Waybackmachine) http://www.archive.org/index.php - :
http://www.archive.org/details/wayofper ... 00kingiala - The way of perfect love, King, Georgiana Goddard, New York : The Macmillan company, 1908, flip book
http://www.archive.org/details/someacco ... 00streuoft - SOME ACCOUNT OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN SPAIN BY GEORGE EDMUND STREET, F.S.A., EDITED BY GEORGIANA GODDARD KING, VOL. I, LONDON/TORONTO/NEW YORK, 1914, flip book
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Kingsley_Porter - Arthur Kingsley Porter (1883 – 1933) was an American art historian and medievalist. Porter's most significant contribution has been his revolutionary studies and insights into the spread of Romanesque sculpture. His study of Lombard architecture is also the first in its class. Works: Lombard Architecture (4 vol., 1919), Romanesque Sculpture of the Pilgrimage Roads (10 vol., 1923), Spanish Romanesque Sculpture (2 vol., 1928)
http://www.dictionaryofarthistorians.org/portera.htm - Kingsley Porter - The same year as his Sorbonne lectures, his most famous and controversial work, Romanesque Sculpture of the Pilgrimage Roads was published. ...
The ten-volume work (nine volumes are of plates) argued, 1) a new chronology of Romanesque sculpture in Burgundy and revolutionary, and 2) that medieval sculptural influences, like medieval poetry, knew no nationality borders but were fluid like the pilgrims who travel to Santiago de Compostela. The latter theory directly challenged the views of Émile Mâle and the primacy of the Languedoc region as the center of twelfth century style. The appearance of Pilgrimage Roads and Porter’s conclusion based upon his multidisciplinary method attracted much criticism.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0016-9 ... nlargePage - Romanesque Churches of the Pilgrimage Roads, Eleanor Vernon, Gesta, Vol. 1, Pre-Serial Issue. Annual of the International Center of Romanesque Art Inc. (1963), pp. 12-15, some notes: Kingsley Porter compares these pilgrimage roads to a great river emptying into the sea at Santiago, formed by many tributaries having their sorces all over Europe. (…) The pilgrims were also seen as potential crusaders, capable of playing a role in driving the Moors from Spain. The aura of danger involved in reaching a blessed shrine gave even moor glory to the route. The harder the pilgrims had to struggle, the greater were the spiritual advantages they accrued. The associations of “chanson de geste” with the pilgrimages were also emphasized, and in turn the church cleverly extended the cloack of sanctity to secular heroes. (…) In modern terms, the trip probably cost about two hundred dollars, and took at least several months to complete.
Peter Robins just found Volume I of X: http://www.archive.org/details/romanesq ... 01portuoft - Romanesque sculpture of the pilgrimage roads, Porter, Arthur Kingsley, 1883-1933, Boston, M. Jones, 1923, Volume I, no illustrations, no title page, missing pages xv-xvi, some notes: p88 Vézelay, p171 Santiago, p186 Along the road of St. James followed by the Lombard pilgrims, the forms of Lombard art begin to appear, and spread thence to the neighbouring districts., p194 The type of architecture originated at Santiago became the standard for a great number of churches along the pilgrimage road, and in whole districts of France., (…) Compostela was the model from which, directly of indirectly, was derived a majority of the great Romanesque churches of the XII century in France., p211 La Puerta de las Platerias (Which is the original?), p213 The truth is, I think, that the Puerta de las Platerias has been twice rebuilt., p261 El Portico de la Gloria, p262 Mateo knew Oviedo, certainly. He knew much else besides. P265 The head of the Queen of Sheba of the north portal of Chartres [see picture below by Gareth Thomas] reproduces exactly the head of the queen on the outer respond of the Pórtico de la Gloria (III, 839). flip book
More:
Lombard Architecture. 4 vols. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1915-17;
"The Rise of Romanesque Sculpture." American Journal of Archaeology 22(1918): 399-427;
"Les débuts de la sculpture romane." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 15 (1919): 47-60;
Romanesque Sculpture of Pilgrimage Roads. 10 vols. Boston, 1923;
"Spain or Toulouse? and Other Questions." Art Bulletin 7 (1924): 4.
Spanish Romanesque Sculpture. Firenze Pantheon casa editrice, 1928;
The Crosses and Culture of Ireland. London: Oxford University Press, 1931;
http://www.archive.org/details/romanesq ... 08portuoft - ROMANESQE SCULPTURE OF THE PILGRIMAGE ROAD BY A. KINGSLEY PORTER IN TEN VOLUMES, VOLUME VIII, ILLUSTRATIONS, AUVERGNE AND DAUPHINE, BOSTON, 1923, flip book
http://www.archive.org/details/sculptur ... 00portrich - The sculpture of the West; a lecture delivered at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, December 3, 1921 ([c1921]) Author: Porter, Arthur Kingsley, 1883-1933, Boston, Privately issued for the author by Marshall Jones Co, 31 pp in total:
IN THE guide written in the XII century for the pilgrims to Compostela we read: "There are four roads which lead to St. James. These unite at Puente la Reina in the land of Spain. The first leads through St. Gilles and Montpellier and Toulouse and the Port d'Aspe ; the second through Notre Dame of Le Puy and Ste. Foy of Conques and St. Pierre of Moissac; the third through Ste. Marie Madeleine of Vezelay and St. Leonard near Limoges and the city of Perigueux; the fourth through St. Martin of Tours and St. Hilaire of Poitiers and St. Jean d'Angely and St. Eutrope of Saintes and the city of Bordeaux. The roads which pass through Ste. Foy and St. Leonard and St. Martin unite at Ostabat, and passing the Port de Cize join at Puente la Reina, the road which passes by the Port d'Aspe. Thence one road leads to St. James." - If time permitted it would amply repay our pains to explore all four of the routes leading to Santiago, for ...
we should find that they, together with the other pilgrimage routes leading to Rome and to Jerusalem, pass by nearly all the creative centres of sculpture of the first half of the XII century. -
After such a journey, ...
we should come to suspect that the pilgrimage played no less a part in the formation of plastic art than M. Bedier has shown that it played in the chansons de geste.
We should find that the road formed a river of sculpture, flowing through a region other- wise nearly desert in southern France and Spain.
We should find that artistic ideas traveled back and forth along the road with the greatest facility, so that monuments separated by hundreds of miles of distance show the closest stylistic relationship.
We should find that the old theory of a school of sculpture at Toulouse, and another in Spain [5-6 THE SCULPTURE OF THE WEST] must be discarded, and that there was instead one school which was neither Toulousan nor Spanish, but international of the pilgrimage, and that this school centred at Santiago rather than at Toulouse.
We should find at Santiago the focal point, both of the architecture and of the sculpture of the XII century; we should find the type of church originally created in France but consecrated at Santiago, copied in minor sanctuaries all along the road, echoed at Acerenza in the Basilicata, at Venosa in Apulia, and inspiring whole schools of architecture in Burgundy, Auvergne and Poitou.
We should find that the same sculptors who worked upon the Puerta de las Platerias at Santiago were some years later called to Conques where they executed the glorious portal of Ste. Foy.
We should remark that the jamb sculptures of Santiago, executed between 1102 and 1124 present analogies with those made by Guglielmo at Cremona between 1107 and 1117, and that both are not without points of contact with the sculptures of Armenia which have recently been made known by Strzygowski.
We should remark that the Christ of the Puerta de las Platerias, which dates from before 1124 already possesses the essential characteristics of the Gothic sculpture of northern France of a century later, and that this figure, the St. James of the Portico de la Gloria and the Beau Dieu of Amiens form a direct line of evolution.
We should find reason to believe that the Portico de la Gloria occupied as important a position in the development of art in the XIII century, as the Puerta de las Platerias did in that of the XII; that the sculptures of Reims owe much to this source, and that the Reims smile is inspired by the Daniel of Santiago.
We should find at Santo Domingo de Silos irrefutably dated sculptures of the last quarter of the XI century, connecting on the one hand with English manuscripts of Bury St. Edmunds, and on the other with Souillac, Moissac, St. Guilhem le Desert and St. Trophime of Aries.
We should find how vitally and undeniably right Professor Morey was in pointing out the influence of manuscripts and [THE SCULPTURE OF THE WEST 7] especially English manuscripts of the school of Winchester upon sculpture of the early XII century, and we should find the school of Burgundy seeking its inspiration almost exclusively in this source.
All this and much more of the most intense interest lies upon the road of St. James. The short hour at our disposal this afternoon is, however, obviously insufficient for the discussion of these major problems, and we must by necessity confine ourselves to a small portion of the question of St. James. Let us pick out for study the fourth of the roads leading to Compostela, that which passes through St. Martin of Tours and St. Hilaire of Poitiers and St. Jean d'Angely and St. Eutrope of Saintes and the city of Bordeaux. This route is of especial interest as it was the chief one leading from Paris and northern France. It also possesses the advantage of taking us past a series of monuments which perhaps even yet have not been appreciated at their full worth.
In the West of France, sculpture developed later than in Burgundy, Lombardy or Spain. The school of the XI century which has left us such astonishing creations at Hildesheim, at Arles-sur-Tech, at Regensburg, at Santo Domingo de Silos, at Oviedo, at Sahagun, at Charlieu and at Cluny did not flourish on the wind-swept Atlantic sea-board. When, however, we reflect how close this region lies to the He de France, where sculpture worthy of the name did not appear at all until the fourth decade of the XII century, the wonder perhaps is not that the XI century carving of the west was crude, but that figure sculpture existed at all.
[8] The ateliers of Toulouse and Santiago were closely interrelated, and we find the same sculptors travelling back and forth from one to the other. Now while no work anterior to the XII century has come down to us at Santiago, it is certain that an atelier of sculpture must have existed there much before, and probably from the beginning of the reconstruction of the cathedral in 1078. It is not unreasonable to suppose that the work at Airvault may have been influenced by the XI century atelier of Santiago.
[21] After the formation of the Gothic style at St. Denis in 1140, the course of true art runs smooth. The documents, therefore, help us out precisely at the point where we have most need of them. Several undated monuments are still of importance for comprehending the evolution of this significant school. Among these, one of the best known is certainly Notre Dame la Grande of Poitiers. Because of its analogy with Angouleme, which as we have seen has been much post-dated, archaeologists have generally considered this facade as of c. 1 1 80. That would make it about contemporary with Senlis and the Portico de la Gloria at Santiago. It is only necessary to compare Notre Dame la Grande with these two monuments to be convinced of the extravagance of the theory.
http://www.archive.org/details/lombardi ... 01rivouoft - Lombardic architecture; its origin, development and derivatives (1910), Author: Rivoira, G. T. (Giovanni Teresio), 1849-1919. Volume 1, flip book
http://www.archive.org/details/lombardi ... 02rivouoft - Lombardic architecture; its origin, development and derivatives (1910), Author: Rivoira, G. T. (Giovanni Teresio), 1849-1919. Volume 2; flip book
http://www.archive.org/details/historyo ... 00fletuoft - A history of architecture on the comparative method (1905), Author: Fletcher, Banister, 1833-1899 > p424: "Santiago was a pilgrimage centre of more than national importance." flip book (2000 pictures!) [*]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banister_Fletcher - Sir Banister Flight Fletcher (1866-1953) was an English architect and architectural historian, as was his father, also named Banister Fletcher. With his father, he co-authored the first edition of A History of Architecture [A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method. London: Athlone Press, University of London, 1896- [issued serially], first single-volume edition, London: B.T. Batsford and New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1897], now in its twentieth edition (ISBN 0-7506-2267-9) [* see Attachement]
Other authors and sources:
http://libro.uca.edu/sjc/sjc.htm - R. A. Fletcher, Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela; full-text-on-line
... and many more of the most interesting full-text-on-line books to read on http://libro.uca.edu/sjc/sjc.htm!
http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId ... view=print - Blum, Pamela Z. Early Gothic Saint-Denis: Restorations and Survivals. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft5h4nb330 - full-text-on-line
http://pilgrimsplaza-king3.blogspot.com - Marcel van Huystee's review (in English) of 'The Way of Saint James' by Georgiana King, Pilgrimsplaza, 26-11-07
&&&